{"id":181,"date":"2026-04-09T19:03:11","date_gmt":"2026-04-09T19:03:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/?p=181"},"modified":"2026-04-09T19:03:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-09T19:03:11","slug":"how-surprised-would-you-be-if-mathematicians-discovered-a-27th-sporadic-finite-simple-group","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/2026\/04\/09\/how-surprised-would-you-be-if-mathematicians-discovered-a-27th-sporadic-finite-simple-group\/","title":{"rendered":"How surprised would you be if mathematicians discovered a 27th sporadic finite simple group?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>My answer to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/How-surprised-would-you-be-if-mathematicians-discovered-a-27th-sporadic-finite-simple-group\/answer\/Alexandre-Borovik?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">question on Quora<\/a>:<\/p>\n<div class=\"q-click-wrapper c1nud10e qu-display--block qu-tapHighlight--white qu-cursor--pointer qu-hover--textDecoration--underline\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div class=\"q-flex qu-flexDirection--row\">\n<div class=\"q-inline qu-flexWrap--wrap\">\n<blockquote>\n<div class=\"q-text puppeteer_test_question_title\"><span class=\"q-box qu-userSelect--text\">How surprised would you be if mathematicians discovered a 27th sporadic finite simple group?<\/span><\/div>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div>\n<p class=\"q-text qu-display--block qu-wordBreak--break-word qu-textAlign--start\">I would be really surprised.<\/p>\n<p class=\"q-text qu-display--block qu-wordBreak--break-word qu-textAlign--start\">I am one of the few people in the world who had reason to read, and spent some time reading, certain parts of the proof of the Classification of Finite Simple Groups (CFSG), and I have some basic understanding of what is going on. A few points:<\/p>\n<ol class=\"q-box\">\n<li class=\"q-relative\">Many parts of the proof of the CFSG (in its various versions) are done by induction, by considering a minimal counterexample: a smallest, by order, finite simple group which is not on the list. The arguments involved are fine tuned at identification of a new finite simple group, if one exists. The fact that this has not happened in the last 30 year is quite reassuring.<\/li>\n<li class=\"q-relative\">Some \u201cclassical\u201d groups are more sporadic (in the sense that their properties are quite abnormal) than most sporadic group (a good example is the projective special linear group\u00a0<span class=\"QTextMath__QTextMathWrapper-sc-dab5fa69-0 crobMI qtext_span qtext_math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-1-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-1\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-2\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-3\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">P<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-4\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">S<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-5\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-6\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-7\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">3<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-8\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-9\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">4<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-10\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0which should be seen as Mathieu group\u00a0<span class=\"QTextMath__QTextMathWrapper-sc-dab5fa69-0 crobMI qtext_span qtext_math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-2-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;M&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;21&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/mrow&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-11\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-12\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-13\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-14\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">M<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-15\" class=\"mjx-texatom\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-16\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-17\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">21<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>). In that sense there are already more than 26 sporadic simple groups.<\/li>\n<li class=\"q-relative\">I heard some good mathematicians suggesting that at least some of the sporadic groups are likely to belong to infinite series of a new kind of algebraic structures still unknown to us, but some of which have happened, by chance, be groups \u2014 the same way as the alternating group\u00a0<span class=\"QTextMath__QTextMathWrapper-sc-dab5fa69-0 crobMI qtext_span qtext_math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-3-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;A&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-18\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-19\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-20\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">A<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-21\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">l<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-22\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-23\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-24\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">6<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>has happened to be the linear group\u00a0<span class=\"QTextMath__QTextMathWrapper-sc-dab5fa69-0 crobMI qtext_span qtext_math\"><span id=\"MathJax-Element-4-Frame\" class=\"mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"presentation\" data-mathml=\"&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;P&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;S&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;L&lt;\/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;\/msub&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;\/mn&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;\/mo&gt;&lt;\/math&gt;\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-25\" class=\"mjx-math\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-26\" class=\"mjx-mrow\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-27\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">P<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-28\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">S<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-29\" class=\"mjx-msubsup\"><span class=\"mjx-base\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-30\" class=\"mjx-mi\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-math-I\">L<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"mjx-sub\"><span id=\"MJXc-Node-31\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">2<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-32\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">(<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-33\" class=\"mjx-mn\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">9<\/span><\/span><span id=\"MJXc-Node-34\" class=\"mjx-mo\"><span class=\"mjx-char MJXc-TeX-main-R\">)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, living simultaneously in two different universes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"q-text qu-display--block qu-wordBreak--break-word qu-textAlign--start\">The third point, if confirmed, would be really exciting and likely to have long lasting impact on mathematics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My answer to a question on Quora: How surprised would you be if mathematicians discovered a 27th sporadic finite simple group? I would be really surprised. I am one of the few people in the world who had reason to read, and spent some time reading, certain parts of the proof of the Classification of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=181"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":182,"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/181\/revisions\/182"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=181"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=181"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/borovik.net\/selecta\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=181"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}